White Paper Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System
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Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System
An Executive Brief August 2004
© 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java, the Java Coffee Cup logo, J2EE, J2SE, Solaris, and The Network is the Computer are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Netscape is a trademark or registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation in the United States and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and Sun™ Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a). DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID.
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Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Hidden Cost of Traditional Middleware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Reducing Cost and Complexity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 An Integrated Software System That Reduces Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complete Set of Infrastructure Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designing Out Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simplicity Means Lower Cost, Increased Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 5 7
A Systematic Approach to Infrastructure Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Simple, Regular Release Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Patent-Pending Dependency Rules Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Real-World Testing for Rapid Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Taking Back Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A Business Model Encouraging Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Java Enterprise System License Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Integrated Service Offering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simple, Predictable, and Affordable Pricing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14 15 16
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
P1 Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Chapter 1
Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System
The Hidden Cost of Traditional Middleware
Squeezed by the pressures of today’s marketplace, information technology (IT) organizations are pressed to even more closely align with business objectives and assist in helping their companies grow. At the same time they must also increase efficiencies, deliver more to their clients, and use fewer resources. In the rush to expand service offerings and build more business applications while maintaining existing infrastructure, few IT executives and managers are able to take the time to accurately assess the cost of traditional middleware assembled by integrating point products from multiple vendors. When they do assess their costs, there are usually surprises. The total price of software licensing — as well as everything related to traditional middleware — incurs costs, including license accounting and management, software integration overhead, and even missed market opportunities due to delays in delivering services. Indeed, IT organizations spend a significant amount of time evaluating point products from multiple vendors, analyzing compatibility, and integrating everything together. Projects are often delayed when testing point products reveals unexpected limitations and incompatibilities. Once deployed, unpredictable upgrade releases for each point product introduce new incompatibilities that organizations must assess beforehand — or risk catastrophic business application outages like those commonplace during the dot-com heyday. Finally, the cost and risk of managing licenses themselves is not insignificant. Some products license per CPU, server, or workstation; others by use of resources such as clients, mailboxes, and anonymous or registered Internet users. With individual profit centers often managing licenses on their own, and with the difficulty of tracking compliance with different licensing schemes, organizations often overpay for their software, yet still face the risk of discovering unlicensed products during the course of an audit. The bottom line: The complexity of evaluating, integrating, deploying, operating, managing, and licensing traditional middleware makes it more difficult to manage risks, and keep projects on schedule and within budget. These complexities steal away an IT organization’s ability to rapidly adapt to changing market demands and to quickly enter new growth markets targeted by the business.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System P2
Reducing Cost and Complexity
As a result of listening to industry concerns, Sun has developed the Sun Java™ Enterprise System, a revolutionary new approach to infrastructure software that reduces cost and complexity from acquisition to deployment through operation and maintenance. Sun’s Java Enterprise System provides a single, integrated software system that delivers the shared enterprise network services that IT organizations need to support their infrastructure and on which to build their own business applications and services.
Figure 1. The Java Enterprise System is an integrated software system delivered using a predictable, systematic approach that is based on a revolutionary business mode. The Java Enterprise System is world-class infrastructure software developed according to three key principles.
Integrated Software System
Sun integrates services and capabilities into the Java Enterprise System so that IT organizations don’t have to. The software system provides a set of open standards-based, industry-leading infrastructure services delivered as an integrated software system that is released on a regular schedule, tested as a complete system, and based on a common set of shared components. For organizations reluctant to give up a favorite infrastructure component in favor of an integrated software system, the key to remember is that if it is an open standards-based component, chances are that it will work with Sun’s Java Enterprise System.
Predictable, Systematic Approach
With more than two decades of experience developing and managing regular releases of its Solaris™ Operating System, software development methodology is a core competency at Sun. In order to extend the benefits of this competency to its customers, Sun has changed its organizational structure and its software processes so that it can deliver the Java Enterprise System with the same regularity and predictability that customers have grown to expect of its operating system software. Rather than developing each component on its own schedule and using its own version of technologies, Sun is now delivering the Java Enterprise System on a regular, predictable schedule, and with a single, coherent set of internal technology components. The result is a pretested, preintegrated, high-quality software system that can reduce the risk of incompatibilities arising due to incoherent release schedules — and incompatible features.
P3 Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Revolutionary Business Model
Sun’s Java Enterprise System features a pricing structure that dramatically reduces software licensing costs while virtually eliminating the complexity of managing arcane licensing models. For a price of $100 (U.S.) per employee per year1, organizations have unlimited use of the Java Enterprise System on Sun SPARC® or Sun-branded x86 architecture servers running the Solaris or Linux operating systems, and in the future on HP-UX and Microsoft Windows systems. Organizations can deploy as many copies of the software on as many different Sun servers as needed, without regard to how many employees, customers, or partners use the software. Sun’s $100 per-employee per-year price is geared to reflect the business value of the software to an organization, not the number of users or the way in which it is deployed. The price includes support, maintenance, consulting, education, and training in such a way that the more employees an organization has, the more support it gets. With a business model encouraging use rather than charging for additional use, the more that organizations can leverage the Java Enterprise System, the more they can reduce their own cost and complexity. Gone are the roadblocks standing in the way of organizations building the business applications that help them grow and maintain a competitive advantage. Sun invites IT organizations to ask how much their existing middleware actually costs, then look at the Java Enterprise System as a way to reduce cost and complexity, minimize business risk, and increase flexibility. The Java Enterprise System can help companies stop worrying about costs and start deciding which business application gets developed next. To assess your total cost of ownership for software licenses, use the TCO tool available at sun.com/javaenterprisesystem. Click on Calculate Acquisition Cost in the right navigation bar.
1. $100 per-employee per-year pricing is for customers in the United States only. Non-U.S. based customers have similar pricing in their own currencies. More details of the business model are covered in Chapter 4, A Business Model Encouraging Use.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
An Integrated Software System That Reduces Complexity P4
Chapter 2
An Integrated Software System That Reduces Complexity
The software industry has traditionally offered point products that solve specific parts of a problem, leaving it to customers to integrate those products into a solution that can support their business applications. Organizations don’t purchase their operating systems by assembling core components such as drivers, schedulers, command, and administration utilities — and it doesn’t make sense for them to assemble and integrate traditional middleware this way either.
Complete Set of Infrastructure Software
Sun’s Java Enterprise System provides a complete set of infrastructure software that is integrated to work as a whole, and that offers shared components, common technologies, a consistent architecture and user experience. Using world-class software, Sun redefines the software system from the operating system up through the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE™) specification layer (Figure 2). Customers can write their business applications to Java software standards, leverage Java Enterprise System network services, and Sun delivers the end-to-end solution to run them. Sun’s CEO Scott McNealy compares this approach to the auto industry, where customers want to buy a complete solution that they can drive off the lot, not a set of parts they can use to build a car themselves. With the Java Enterprise System, Sun has done the integration so that customers can focus on their core business applications rather than on integrating different point products from different vendors. Furthermore, the “car” that Sun delivers with the Java Enterprise System is one based on open standards, so if a customer wants to change the tires that come with it, tires from other vendors will also fit, so long as they are built to industry standards. For decades, Sun has believed in designing and promoting open standards, and then competing in the marketplace to produce the best implementation of those standards. To keep that spirit of competition alive, Sun has initially tested more than 30 third-party products to be sure that they interoperate with the Java Enterprise System. This unique blend of integration and openness makes Sun’s offering unique in the industry. “We’re not going to sell customers a transmission, a carburetor, and a bucket of bolts. We’re going to build the whole car, and then we’re going to thoroughly test it for them, and deliver it with a full tank of gas.” Scott McNealy Chairman and CEO Sun Microsystems, Inc.
P5 An Integrated Software System That Reduces Complexity
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Communication and Collaboration Portal Application and Web Java Enterprise System Network Identity Security Availability
Keep mission-critical systems up and running without an army of support staff Protect IT assets with data center-grade security Get business applications up and running quickly Radically simplify access to applications and services anytime, from anywhere Seamlessly extend secure access to the enterprise with reduced deployment time and cost Cut months off the development cycles and deploy new services ahead of the competition Take productivity to the next level quickly and affordably with global communication and collaboration
Solaris and Linux Operating Systems
Figure 2. The Java Enterprise System provides shared network services to support key aspects of businesscritical applications.
Designing Out Complexity
Sun understands that good software comes from a synergy of people, process, and technology (Figure 3). With the experience gained from more than 20 years of developing, integrating, testing, and releasing Solaris Operating System software on a regular basis, Sun has modeled its organization and development processes, and has even designed new technology, for managing dependencies within the Java Enterprise System. Sun’s efforts have resulted in a software system with shared components, common technologies, a consistent architecture and user experience.
Shared Components
Sun started with its world-class software products and applied a new level of rigor both to integrating its components and to rationalizing their structure. The new process involved: • Defining the basic components used across the entire system, for example, the Java System Web Server, Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE™), and Netscape™ Security Sockets (NSS) • Developing dependency graphs that show interrelationships between all components • Deriving interface maps that expose all of the interfaces used by every component • Managing the interfaces by controlling changes to them and by separating out commonly-used interfaces into a set of common components • Defining a common data schema to support data consolidation and integration between components • Using its patent-pending Dependency Rules Engine (DRE) to map and maintain dependency information, and to evaluate the impact of interface changes
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
An Integrated Software System That Reduces Complexity P6
What might appear on the surface as an academic exercise in fact has key strategic value to companies everywhere. By deconstructing and then reconstructing an enormous amount of software, Sun has taken the complexity out.
Figure 3. Good software results from a synergy of people, processes, and technology.
Common Technologies
The Java Enterprise System makes software even more simple because its functions are supported by a well-defined set of common components that are used across the entire software system. The same versions of network identity, directory, Web, and application services are used by higher-level components and features. Software libraries that were once owned by separate applications are now shared across the entire software system. Rather having an installer per application, Sun uses one installer for the entire software system. By increasing the number of shared rather than discrete components, Sun has reduced the number of components by more than half — from 96 to 47 — significantly reducing overall complexity. Reducing the number of components simplifies developing and maintaining business applications. It means less training time, faster install and upgrade times, and more rapid problem diagnosis and repair. Customers no longer need to manage components individually, and they no longer have to worry about upgrading one component and affecting how another one works. Everything is developed and tested as a single software system.
Figure 4. Reducing the number of components minimizes complexity in the Java Enterprise System.
P7 An Integrated Software System That Reduces Complexity
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Consistent Architecture
With one single software system, Sun prepared the first in a series of software system-wide features to reduce deployment time, increase efficiency, and further improve integration. A common installation framework makes services easy to deploy, for example, an employee portal featuring e-mail access and single sign-on can be installed in hours rather than days. Single sign-on across all client applications (portal, messaging, calendaring, instant messaging services) improves customer efficiency and usability, and leverages the use of a common network identity service. A common directory store uses a common data schema for improved consistency, better performance, and allows for integrated directory data to be used across the entire Java Enterprise System.
Consistent User Experience
Sun has applied the same degree of rigor to the Java Enterprise System user experience. Sun has implemented consistent user experience and usability features across all software system services, including consistent install and uninstall, and single sign-on for user-facing applications. Sun provides consistent management and operation features while also supporting standard Java software SNMP-based network management systems. Products are uniformly globalized to support interface translations into different languages. Specific localizations are complete for English, Spanish, French, German, Korean, Japanese, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese. “The Java Enterprise System’s common install framework can take what was once a 1-2 week professional services engagement and turn it into a one-person, 1-2 hour activity.” William Platt, Vice President Java Enterprise System Engineering Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Simplicity Means Lower Cost, Increased Flexibility
Sun’s Java Enterprise System reduces the complexity and cost of acquiring, deploying, and using the infrastructure software that IT organizations need to create and run their business-critical applications. Rather than requiring customers to stitch together their own middleware from point products acquired from multiple vendors, IT organizations can make a single choice that can meet their core infrastructure software needs. The software system can be used on as many servers and business applications — and by as many employees, customers, and partners — as desired without incurring additional licensing fees. By eliminating long and costly acquisition cycles, the Java Enterprise System helps reduce business risk while increasing an organization’s flexibility. Project schedules can be accelerated due to the reduced learning curve and training costs inherent in having one rather than multiple infrastructure software vendors. The software system’s consistent architecture and shared components based on open standards can significantly reduce maintenance costs. Indeed, every phase in the IT project lifecycle can see benefits from using the Java Enterprise System. A study by Forrester Research finds that the savings from using the Java Enterprise System release 1, 2, and 3 can add up to 20 percent across a typical five-year IT project lifecycle. (Additional cost savings beyond release 3 are likely, but were not measured in the study). The IT project lifecycle savings from using Sun’s Java Enterprise System are detailed in the Sun white paper entitled Reducing IT Project Lifecycle Costs With the Sun Java Enterprise System.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
An Integrated Software System That Reduces Complexity P8
With a foundation built on open standards, the Java Enterprise System gives companies greater flexibility through increased choice: • Organizations have the flexibility to extend the software system’s capabilities by using open standards-based interfaces, for example, using it to support enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) applications. • If an organization wishes to substitute a non-Sun, open standards-based product in the Java Enterprise System itself, they are free to do so. Sun has done extensive testing of some of the more popular point products to validate their interoperability. • If an organization wishes to use other operating systems beside Sun’s Solaris Operating System, they can use the platform that best suits their requirements, including Linux now and HP-UX and Microsoft Windows in the future. • Organizations can use the Java Enterprise System on the processor architecture of their choice — the highly-scalable UltraSPARC® architecture or the x86 architecture. The bottom line is that with the Java Enterprise System, customers have end-to-end flexibility to use the products that best suit their needs, from the high-level software products that use the software system as a foundation right down to the underlying operating system and processor architecture. Finally, with many components designed to work in high-availability environments, and with a consistent security infrastructure throughout, Sun’s Java Enterprise System can help to reduce business risk. Sun has tested more than 30 open standards-based, third-party products for interoperability with the Java Enterprise System, including products from BEA, IBM, Oracle, and VERITAS.
P9 A Systematic Approach to Infrastructure Software
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Chapter 3
A Systematic Approach to Infrastructure Software
One of the key problems with traditional middleware today is that IT organizations are forced to have a staff of point product specialists dedicated to assessing the impact of installing patches, upgrades, and new releases. Some of the most catastrophic outages experienced by early dot-com companies could be traced to operating system teams installing patches without first assessing their impact on business application software. The root of this problem is unpredictable vendor release schedules that can create compatibility mismatches between point products even from the same company, let alone between point products from multiple vendors. With IT project schedules often at the mercy of vendor-determined release schedules, an organization’s success is held hostage to its vendors meeting their development targets. The standard industry practice has been for vendors to deliver products in a chaotic fashion that is based on their own schedules rather than with the coordination that would better suit customer needs (Figure 5).
Feb
Directory Server Access Manager Directory Proxy Server Application Server Web Server Integration Server Message Queue Messaging Server Calendar Server Instant Messaging Portal Server Portal Mobile Access Cluster
May
Aug
Nov
Figure 5. The software industry has typically released point products on their own release schedules rather than on a coordinated basis that would better suit the needs of IT organizations.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
A Systematic Approach to Infrastructure Software P10
Simple, Regular Release Process
When using the Java Enterprise System, IT organizations no longer have to worry about incompatibilities that fix one component and break another. The reason is that by treating it as one single software system, Sun releases the Java Enterprise System on a regular basis, synchronizing development across Sun’s own organization. Sun’s Solaris Operating System development organization has been producing high-quality software this way for more than 20 years. Sun’s Solaris software development process moves forward in time like a train, with an increasing number of components integrated into its development code base as the development “train” moves towards a release date. Each time that Sun makes a major operating system release, a new development train is initialized with the most-recently released code base picking up the latest innovations and refinements as it moves forward in time toward the next release date. Sun is one of the few companies to have produced software using this methodology so well and for so long. Having the right size and scale to execute using this model, Sun has reorganized both its software and its organizational structure to produce the Java Enterprise System in a manner similar to the way it produces the Solaris OS. Rather than component-specific release schedules, Sun delivers the Java Enterprise System on a coordinated, software system-wide schedule that will include additional integrated capabilities in planned future releases (Table 1). Sun expects that it will take approximately five releases to get all of its current infrastructure software integrated into the Java Enterprise System. New products, for example from Sun’s recent acquisition of Waveset, will be incorporated into the release schedule over time. Table 1 illustrates the component products, and does not reflect additional planned improvements to the software system’s shared components, common technologies, and consistent architecture and user experience.
Enterprise Network Services* Network Identity Services Release Release Release 3 4 5 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Java Enterprise System Component Products Access Manager (formerly Identity Server) Directory Server Directory Proxy Server Application Server Platform Edition Application Server Standard Edition Message Queue Enterprise Edition Web Server Application Server Enterprise Edition Active Server Pages Integration Server Web Proxy Server
2003Q4 2004Q2 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Web and Application Services
Messaging Server Communication and Calendar Server Collaboration Services Instant Messaging Portal Services Availability Services Security Services Portal Server Portal Server Secure Remote Access Portal Server Mobile Access Sun Cluster System Wide (via component products)
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
* Enterprise Network Services roadmap subject to change.
Table 1. Java Enterprise System component products will be integrated and delivered on a regular, predictable, release schedule that IT organizations can count on.
P11 A Systematic Approach to Infrastructure Software
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
More information on Sun’s Solaris Operating System development process is contained in the Sun white paper entitled Continuous Innovation With the Software Express for Solaris Program.
Patent-Pending Dependency Rules Engine
With a synchronized release schedule, how does an organization install, modify, or upgrade the Java Enterprise System? Sun has created a consistent install, upgrade, and update mechanism for the Java Enterprise System that includes a patent-pending Dependency Rules Engine (DRE) that makes inferences based on the same dependency information that Sun uses to develop the software system in the first place. With the help of the DRE, the Java Enterprise System’s install mechanism can install, modify, or upgrade an IT organization’s installation with full knowledge of intra-software system dependencies. If an upgrade of one common component requires a new version of another component, the DRE will dictate that component’s installation so long as it does not impact the operation of a different feature. If a conflict exists, the installer can resolve the problem before it results in an operational problem. Sun may expose interfaces to this technology at some point in the future. The Dependency Rules Engine is currently an internal component to the common installer.
Real-World Testing for Rapid Deployment
One of the problems faced by IT organizations that assemble their own set of point products is that software vendors generally do not test their software in real-world scenarios that include real deployment scenarios and interaction with third-party products. Sun’s Java Enterprise System testing is driven by real-world scenarios that identify common characteristics for a customer deployment (Figure 6). Example scenarios include identity solution, communications solution, and full system deployment. For each scenario, Sun develops repeatable and optimized deployments based on a reference architecture, sizing and tuning information, and Sun’s own best practices. Sun tests the scenarios in a variety of different ways, including: • Cohabitation testing to evaluate entire software system operation when installed on a single server, helping to ensure that customers can install any subset of Java Enterprise System products on a single server • Solution-level testing to evaluate standard deployments on separate servers and in real-life network architectures (for example, a mail server in the DMZ, or single sign-on across the organization) • Performance testing that uses intensive workloads at the feature level to be sure that the components (identity service, for example) support the scenario with adequate performance • Functional testing of individual feature operation • Globalization testing, including internationalization and compatibility with double-byte characters and the full range of locales supported
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
A Systematic Approach to Infrastructure Software P12
Messaging Service Characteristics Instant Messaging Characteristics Portal Server Characteristics
Reference Architecture
Best Practices
Sizing & Tuning Guide
Scenarios
Figure 6. Sun tests the Java Enterprise System using real-world deployment scenarios that resemble the ways in which customers actually use the system.
Taking Back Control
Sun’s systematic approach using a regular, predictable release schedule helps IT organizations take back control of their business application release planning, development schedules, and deployment dates. With increased control comes reduced costs: • Labor costs can be reduced by not having a staff of point-product experts worrying about complex interactions of patches, products, and operating platforms. • Software licensing costs become predictable, with each successive IT project launched using the Java Enterprise System as a foundation yielding increased leverage over its fixed annual cost. • Business risk — and the opportunity cost of missed deadlines and lost market windows — can be reduced because the Java Enterprise System is delivered as a complete, integrated software system that virtually eliminates the risk of mismatched libraries, components, and operating platform dependencies. • Sun’s patent-pending Dependency Rules Engine can help forestall problems before any software is even installed.
P13 A Business Model Encouraging Use
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Chapter 4
A Business Model Encouraging Use
Managing software licenses can be a nightmare for any IT organization. With different products priced using different variables, understanding, planning, and budgeting for software licenses can be complex and time-consuming. Costs can easily get out of hand because IT organizations that license software based on customer usage typically purchase additional unused capacity. When customer-based licensing is required, IT organizations don’t even have control over their own licensing costs because they don’t have control over how many customers might use their software. Traditional middleware licensing schemes might charge for directory software by the entry, e-mail systems by the mailbox, Web software by the number of allowed anonymous users, database software by the CPU, and others by the server platform. Complicating the situation is that many organizations fail to centralize their software purchasing, making it next to impossible to track compliance on a department-by-department basis. Sun’s Java Enterprise System raises the bar on software licensing practices with a revolutionary licensing structure and business model. The Java Enterprise System’s enterprise license allows unlimited use at a single price of $100 (U.S.) per employee per year. It is based on an annually-adjusted count of employees, and includes a cumulative 5-percent cap on annual, per-employee price increases. Sun determined this licensing fee because the number of employees provides a good measure of the business value of the software system to an enterprise. The pricing is not geared to the number of employees or customers actually using the software system. This approach not only reduces the overhead and risk of managing software licenses — it can significantly reduce licensing costs while increasing an organization’s ability to budget for future use. Once licensed, IT organizations can use the software on as many Sun SPARC and Sun-branded x86 architecture servers as they wish, with no extra charges per user, per server, or per project. This dramatically changes the equation for deploying and using infrastructure software. For infrastructure services like e-mail, calendaring, and instant messaging, IT organizations can deploy the Java Enterprise System using the server and network architecture that best meets their needs rather than deploying inappropriate architectures designed to minimize licensing costs. When organizations build their business-critical applications on the Java Enterprise System, their costs become predictable — and the more projects that use the software system, the lower the average cost to support each IT project. Sun’s Java Enterprise System license model provides Sun customers with an alternative option. Customers can still purchase individual component products from Sun using traditional pricing models if desired.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
A Business Model Encouraging Use P14
Java Enterprise System License Structure
The Java Enterprise System enterprise license is based on the following structure. $100 (U.S.) per employee per year • • • • Employee count based on full-time employees of all corporate affiliates worldwide Legally-distinct subsidiaries can be licensed separately (certain conditions apply) Managed service providers use a different, royalty-based licensing model Similar, local currency pricing outside the United States Different business models appropriate for education, outsourcing, and OEMs are also available. Infinite right to use for all employees and to support direct customers and partners • Use on company-owned or leased Sun-branded UltraSPARC processor-based systems running the Solaris OS, or on Sun-branded x86 architecture systems running the Solaris OS or Linux OS. Sun has recently announced future support for HP-UX and Microsoft Windows environments. Software services integrated into the licensing agreement • The more employees a company has, the more support Sun includes. Price cap on annual renewal increases • A cumulative 5-percent cap on annual, per-employee price increases (price can increase less than five percent one year and more than five percent another year so long as the cumulative increase does not exceed 5 percent per year). Special Java Enterprise System promotions are described at sun.com/software/javaenterprisesystem/programs. Perpetual buy-out option • Organizations can purchase a perpetual right-to-use license at a predetermined fee after licensing the software system for a minimum of three years. 90-day try-and-buy option • An organization can use the Java Enterprise System for 90 days before purchasing the license.
P15 A Business Model Encouraging Use
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Integrated Service Offering
Sun understands that the more employees an organization has, the greater the need for support. Sun incorporates specific service offerings at various licensing levels for the Java Enterprise System, including support, maintenance, consulting, education, and training (Table 2): • Basic Service includes software system updates and upgrades, and telephone-based technical support. A premium support level (available for an additional $10 per employee) increases the hours of availability and shortens response times. • Installation Service includes one week of on-site installation support that includes either a software system install or setup services for a two-node cluster system. • Architecture Workshop is a two-day, structured workshop to help customers understand the software system, determine how it fits into their enterprise, and develop a road map for its use. • Training Credits provide companies with support to utilize Web-based courses, attend classroom-based courses, purchase CD-based courses for unlimited internal use, and obtain educational consulting services, including staff knowledge-level assessment services. • Custom Consulting Services are provided with Java Enterprise System licenses with a minimum of 5000 employees, and provides a scalable number of consulting hours based on 2 hours per 100 employees. Customers can use custom consulting hours for any activities related to the Java Enterprise System, for example installation, design, and migration.
Number of Employees
Total License Cost ($100/employee) $10K – $100K
Integrated Software Support Services Basic service, including: • Software Maintenance • Software Technical support Basic service, plus: • Architecture Workshop • Installation Service • 10 Training Credits Basic service, plus: • Architecture Workshop • Installation Service • 20 Training Credits • 100 to 400 hours Custom Professional Services Basic service, plus: • Architecture Workshop • One-week installation service • 50 Training Credits • 400+ hours Custom Professional Services calculated at a rate of 2 hours per 100 employees
100 to 999
1000 to 4999
$100K – $500K
5000 to 19,999
$500K – $2M
20,000+
$2M+
Table 2. The Java Enterprise System includes different levels of service.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
A Business Model Encouraging Use P16
To further leverage the benefits of the Java Enterprise System, customers can optionally purchase Sun’s Customer Ready Systems Program that delivers factory integrated, ready-to-deploy hardware and software solutions on all compatible hardware platforms. Customers can choose from three levels of software installation when they purchase new hardware platforms from Sun: • Software installation only, with full configuration required • Software ready for deployment, with minimal configuration required • Solution ready for deployment at a customer site based on a standard solution “gold master” developed by Sun
Simple, Predictable, and Affordable Pricing
Sun’s revolutionary licensing model makes it simple, predictable, and affordable to acquire and operate key software assets while providing a comprehensive set of network services for unlimited use. Unlike so many other difficult-tounderstand licensing structures, IT organizations can estimate Java Enterprise System license costs without even using a calculator — virtually eliminating an unnecessary layer of overhead and the business risk of software audits. By making software licensing simple, predictable, and affordable, the Java Enterprise System makes it easy for organizations to grow their business. Gone are delays waiting for additional licenses to support more users. Gone are the uncertainties of annual price increases. Gone are additional licensing expenses imposed for each additional use. The simplicity of Sun’s Java Enterprise System licensing structure frees up an IT organization’s critical resources to implement mission-critical business applications — rather than integrating middleware and assessing point products from multiple vendors. With the comprehensive support provided by Sun’s Java Enterprise System, IT organizations can more fully align with their company’s business objectives — and make IT infrastructure the business differentiator that it can be.
P17 Summary
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Chapter 5
Summary
Sun’s Java Enterprise System gives organizations of all sizes a competitive edge by freeing them from the costly and unpredictable work of plumbing together a set of incompatible point products from a variety of vendors and empowering them to be the architects of their company’s future. With the Java Enterprise System, IT organizations can afford to focus on building critical business applications, helping to fuel growth while aligning their IT organizations with key company business goals. Sun has built the Java Enterprise System with three key principles in mind: Creating an integrated software system, using a systematic approach, and introducing a revolutionary business model. Together, these three principles have enabled Sun to develop software that is simple, predictable, and affordable.
Integrated Software System
Because Sun has integrated infrastructure software components as a single software system, customers don’t have to. By making serious software simple, the result is reduced cost at every step in the IT project lifecycle, increasing the flexibility to use interchangeable open standards-based components, operating system, and server platforms.
Predictable, Systematic Approach
Sun’s systematic approach delivers the software system on a regular, predictable schedule, freeing IT organizations from being held hostage to their vendors’ software release cycles and virtually eliminating the risk of mismatched point products leading to failures. A systematic approach helps organizations better plan for their own software development projects, which in turn can help them deliver new products and services while their competitors are still testing incompatibilities between different vendors’ products.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Summary P18
Revolutionary New Business Model
Sun’s simple, predictable, and affordable software system not only helps organizations reduce their costs — it also helps them take the risk out of software licensing, protects them from the risk of astronomical price increases, and reduces the risk of costly license audits. It makes it easy for organizations to standardize on a single software system. And with no additional per-CPU, per-user, or per-mailbox licensing fees, organizations can deploy the software system as their needs require rather than what licensing fees dictate. With integrated support, maintenance, consulting, education, and training, IT organizations get the help they need to plan, implement, deploy, and maintain business applications based on the Java Enterprise System. The Java Enterprise System’s simple, affordable, and predictable software system and pricing model helps organizations change their focus from assessing whether they can afford the software infrastructure costs for a new project to producing new business-centric applications that can help them grow and increase their competitive edge.
P19 For More Information
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Chapter 6
For More Information
Details on Sun’s Java Enterprise System are available at sun.com/javaenterprisesystem. Information on support services is available at sun.com/service/products/software/javaenterprisesystem. Sun’s Total Cost of Ownership tool is available at sun.com/javaenterprisesystem. Click on “Calculate Acquisition Cost.” Information on Java Enterprise System promotions is available at sun.com/javaenterprisesystem/programs.
White Paper Serious Software Made Simple: The Sun Java™ Enterprise System
On the Web sun.com
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